Table of Contents:

Overview

Protesting

Petitioning Elected Officials and Policymakers

Speaking Out Against Racial Profiling

Support of CAPAC and Congressional Members

Collecting and Studying Facts and Evidence

Timely Response to Urgent Needs

Launch of The Anti-Racial Profiling Project 

The Role of The Media and Telling Our Side of The Story

Building and Sustaining Allies

Technology and Yellow Whistle During Pandemic and Beyond

Keeping Up with History and Education for the Next Generations

Links and References

Overview

February 27, 2020, is a symbolic date.  It was the day when University of Tennessee Professor Anming Hu, a Chinese Canadian, was indicted by the federal government.  He was the first academic to go to trial under the China Initiative.  Hu was not charged for economic espionage, but for wire fraud and making false statements.  The trial revealed the zeal of the misguided “China Initiative” to criminalize Hu with reckless and deplorable tactics of spreading false information to cast him as a spy for China and press him to become a spy for the U.S. government.  He was cleared of all charges, marking one of the major turning points in the China Initiative. 

Unlike other timecards in this series, this section describes the evolving strategies and approaches used by the communities to address the China Initiative.  These communities include both within and outside the Asian Pacific American groups, as well as the scientific and academic individuals and organizations.  

Throughout history, Asian Pacific Americans have faced various forms of discrimination, including xenophobia, racism, and institutional biases.  From the struggles of early immigrants facing exclusionary laws to contemporary battles against hate crimes and racial profiling, the resilience of Asian Pacific Americans remains a guiding force across generations.

It spans beyond any single initiative, including the China Initiative, or a particular moment or issue.  From elected officials to grassroots organizations and individual activists, there is a collective dedication and broad commitment to confronting injustices and advocating for equality for all.  The China Initiative may highlight specific challenges, but it served to reinforce the resolve of Asian Pacific American communities to combat discrimination in all its forms.

Ultimately, the resilience of Asian Pacific American communities serves as a beacon of hope and inspiration for future generations. 

Addressing discrimination and advocating for civil rights for all requires a multifaceted approach. There is no one-size-fits-all solution, and different strategies must be employed to effectively combat injustices and promote equality.

Despite the fears and threats instigated by the China Initiative, the communities used a combination of strategies and approaches to raise awareness and advocate; stand up and speak out; petition elected officials and policymakers; protest in person and in writing; talk and write to the media; collect facts and evidence; raise funds; educate; build allies; run for office and vote; and take legal action and go to court.   

Protesting

Peaceful protest is a time-honored method of drawing attention to injustices and mobilizing collective action. Organizing protests, marches, and demonstrations can exert pressure on policymakers and institutions to address discriminatory practices.

Organizations such as United Chinese Americans and the Asian American Scholars Forum, United Chinese Americans, and Tennessee Chinese American Alliance organized protests and rallies outside and inside the courthouses during the trials and hearings of Professors Franklin Tao and Anming Hu, as well as in front of the Department of Justice.

References and Links

2023/09/20 Asian American Scholar Forum: Reminder to Attend Appeals Hearing of Professor Franklin Tao.

2022/01/11 United Chinese Americans: UCA Protest Outside DOJ and Press Conference for the Victims of the DOJ’s China Initiative–An Urgent Community Notice

2021/06/08  Tennessee Chinese American Alliance: Press Conference Statement on the trial of Professor Anming Hu 

Petitioning Elected Officials and Policymakers

Writing letters, making phone calls, and organizing lobbying efforts were part of the persistent efforts during the China Initiative.

About 30,000 persons joined a petition to then-President-Elect Joe Biden and called for the end of the China Initiative.  Led by Stanford University faculty members, thousands of academics and researchers wrote to Attorney General Merrick Garland to terminate the China Initiative.  Maryland State Senator Susan Lee led successfully a coalition to call for a Congressional hearing on racial profiling of Asian American and Chinese scientists.  

References and Links

2021/09/08 Winds of Freedom: Stanford Faculty Members Open Letter to AG Garland to End the "China Initiative"

2021/04/09 Advancing Justice | AAJC: Petition of 30,000 People to President Biden Calling for End of the China Initiative

2021/02/01 Maryland State Senator Susan Lee: Calling for a Congressional Hearing on Racial Profiling of Asian American and Chinese Scientists

2021/01/05 Coalition: Letter to President-Elect Joe Biden Calling for End of “China Initiative.”

Speaking Out Against Racial Profiling

Speaking out against racial profiling is a powerful form of resistance. Whether it is confronting prejudice in everyday interactions or addressing systemic inequalities through public advocacy, individuals can make their voices heard and demand change.

On March 22, 2019, three major scientific organizations voiced their concerns about racial profiling by publishing an open letter titled "Racial Profiling Harms Science" in Science.  

The Society of Chinese Bioscientists in America (SCBA, 美洲华人生物科学学会), The Chinese American Hematologist and Oncologist Network (CAHON, 美国华裔血液及肿瘤专家学会), and The Chinese Biological Investigators Society (CBIS, 华人生物学者教授学会) represent the largest and a rapidly growing professional group for scientists, mostly of Chinese descent, in many biomedical disciplines.

The letter spells out the concerns about the recent political rhetoric and policies that single out students and scholars of Chinese descent working in the United States as threats to U.S. national interests.

On April 7, 2019, the Committee of 100 (C100 百人会) issued a statement condemning racial profiling against Chinese Americans during its annual conference in New York.

The statement responds to FBI Director Christopher Wray and a few high-level American government officials, respected media outlets, and opinion leaders who have stated or suggested in recent years that all Chinese persons in America should be suspected of wrongdoing.  However, "overzealous criminal prosecutions in recent years of innocent individuals such as Sherry Chen and Xiaoxing Xi, like Wen Ho Lee before them, have embarrassingly fallen apart, while ruining lives for no reason. Such targeting of individuals based on their ethnic heritage or national origin violates our shared American ideals. It simply has to stop."

"Racial profiling is wrong and un-American in our nation of democracy."  The statement concludes that "by standing up and speaking out for what is right and just, Chinese Americans can help lead the way in answering the call that is always before us as Americans: to embody more perfectly the ideals and principles of this great nation we call home."

References and Links

2019/04/07 Committee of 100: Committee of 100 Condemns Chinese American Racial Profiling

2019/03/22 Science: Racial Profiling Harms Science

Support of CAPAC and Congressional Members

The Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus (CAPAC) was established on May 16, 1994. Congressman Norman Y. Mineta, one of the founders of CAPAC, became its first Chair.

CAPAC serves to ensure that legislation passed by the U.S. Congress reflects the interests and needs of Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders, educate fellow Members of Congress about the history and contributions of these communities, collaborate with other caucuses to protect civil rights, establish policies on legislation affecting individuals of Asian and/or Pacific Island ancestry in the United States, and coordinate the efforts of Asian American and Pacific Islander Members of Congress to achieve these goals.

Since its founding, CAPAC has been a strong voice for the protection of the civil rights for the APA communities, especially in addressing the racial profiling issue and the China Initiative.  Its efforts continue as CAPAC members themselves are also subject to racial profiling and McCarthyism.

References and Links:

2024/01/23 CAPAC: CAPAC Members Lead Effort to Prevent the Relaunch Trump-Era China Initiative

2024/01/22 Rep. Grace Meng: Meng, Hirono and Chu Seek to Stop House Republicans From Relaunching Trump-era China Initiative

2023/04/26 CAPAC: In Joint USA Today Op-ed, CAPAC Members Chu, Krishnamoorthi Write: “In competition with Chinese Communist Party, anti-Asian rhetoric only divides”

2023/03/06 CAPAC: Chair Chu on MSNBC.com: "I am a target of the right’s new McCarthyism"

2023/02/23 CAPAC: CAPAC Statement on Rep. Gooden’s Xenophobic Remarks on Fox News

2022/11/14 CAPAC: CAPAC Chair Statement on Sherry Chen’s Settlement with Department of Commerce

2022/02/23 CAPAC: CAPAC Members Welcome End of China Initiative

2022/01/29 CAPAC: CAPAC Members Meet with Department of Justice Assistant Attorney General Matt Olsen on China Initiative Concerns

2021/10/29 CAPAC: CAPAC Members and Attorney General Garland Discuss China Initiative, COVID-19 Hate Crimes Act, and Language Access

2021/09/10 CAPAC: CAPAC Member Statements on Acquittal of Dr. Anming Hu After Mistrial Based on False Evidence

2021/07/30 CAPAC: CAPAC Chair Statement on Retrial of Dr. Anming Hu After Mistrial Based on False Evidence

2021/07/30 Rep. Ted Lieu: Rep. Lieu and 90 Members of Congress Urge DOJ Probe into Alleged Racial Profiling of Asians

2021/07/19 CAPAC: CAPAC Leaders Issue Guidance on Anti-China Messaging and Anti-Asian Violence

2021/06/30 Rep. Jamie Raskin: Roundtable Led by Reps. Raskin and Chu Hears about Effects of Ethnic Profiling Against Chinese American Scientists

2020/02/20 CAPAC: Raskin and Chu Launch Investigation into NIH and FBI Probes of Chinese Scientists

2020/01/20 Rep. Jamie Raskin: Raskin and Chu Launch Investigation into NIH and FBI Probes of Chinese Scientists

2019/07/17 CAPAC: CAPAC Members Applaud Successful Passage of Amendment to Address Racial Profiling of Chinese Americans

2018/02/15 CAPAC: CAPAC Members on Rubio and Wray’s Remarks Singling Out Chinese Students as National Security Threats

Collecting and Studying Facts and Evidence

Gathering data and evidence to substantiate claims of discrimination and refute false narratives is critical for building strong cases and advocating for systemic reforms. Conducting research, compiling testimonies, and documenting incidents of racial profiling provide compelling evidence to support advocacy efforts.  Community and professional organizations, individual research, and the media have all contributed important data and studies about the China Initiative and racial profiling.

References and Links

2021/12/14 Bloomberg Businessweek:  China Initiative Set Out to Catch Spies. It Didn’t Find Many

2021/12/02 MIT Technology Review: The US crackdown on Chinese economic espionage is a mess. We have the data to show it

2021/12/02 MIT Technology Review:  We built a database to understand the China Initiative. Then the government changed its records

2021/11/30 National Association of Scholars: Cracking Down on Illegal Ties to China

2021/11/05 New York Law Journal: DOJ’s China Initiative’s Three-Year Anniversary: Growing Pains and Uncertainty

2021/11/04 NPR: DOJ's China Initiative aims to counter theft of U.S. secrets and technology

2021/10/28 Committee of 100/University of Arizona: Racial Profiling Among Scientists of Chinese Descent and Consequences for the U.S. Scientific Community

2021/10 American Physical Society: Research Security Policies & Their Impacts: Key Results of APS Member Survey

2021/09/28 Law360: ​'Overheated': How A Chinese-Spy Hunt At DOJ Went Too Far

2021/09/21 Committee of 100: Racial Disparities in Economic Espionage Act Prosecutions: A Window Into The New Red Scare

2021/09/14 SSRN: Red Scare? A Study of Ethnic Prejudice in the Prosecutions under the Economic Espionage Act, PIER Working Paper No. 21-022

2021/08/18 Jeremy Wu: The Importance of Data in Fighting Racial Profiling: from FedCases to "China Initiative” and Beyond

2021/02/09 Cato Institute: Espionage, Espionage‐​Related Crimes, and Immigration: A Risk Analysis, 1990–2019

Timely Response to Urgent Needs

On July 24, 2020, the U.S. ordered China to close its consulate in Houston, accusing it to be a "spy center" to conduct spying activities with local medical centers or universities.  At about the same time, five researchers from China were arrested and alleged to be spies for China’s military.  FBI agents began to knock on doors to demand interviews with persons of Chinese descent, creating widespread fear and anguish in the Chinese American community in Houston.  

On July 26, 2020, The Intercept published an article: Was The Chinese Consulate in Houston Really a Hotbed of Economic Espionage?  According to the article, “people close to China-related investigations in Houston say the decision to close the consulate may be more about politics than spy threats.”

During the APA Justice meeting on August 3, 2020, Houston community leaders provided on-the-ground reports and expressed grave concerns about a "witch hunt for spies” by the FBI to use Chinese Americans as “scapegoat” to justify the political claim, for which the U.S. government provided little supporting evidence.  

Local community leaders appealed to Congress to de-escalate the situation, rein in the rhetoric and irresponsible actions, and provide oversight to protect the civil rights of Chinese Americans.  

Within three days, OCA, UCA, Advancing Justice | AAJC, and the Asian American Bar Association of Houston co-hosted a “Know Your Rights” webinar on August 6, 2020, to address the urgent question, "What to do if you are questioned by the FBI or police?"  Over 850 participated in the webinar.

2020年7月24日，美国命令中国关闭驻休斯敦领事馆，指责其为“间谍中心”，与当地医疗中心或大学进行间谍活动。五名来自中国的研究人员同时被捕，并被指控为中国军方的间谍。联邦调查局（FBI）特工开始挨家挨户敲门要求对在美华人进行采访，在休斯敦的华裔社区中制造了恐惧和痛苦。

7月26日，《拦截》杂志发表一篇文章：中国驻休斯敦领事馆真的是经济间谍活动的温床吗？文章称，“接近休斯敦与有关中国的调查人员说，关闭领事馆的决定可能更多是关于政治，而不是间谍威胁。”

在 2020 年 8 月 3 日的 APA Justice 每月例会中，休斯顿社区领袖提供了实地报告，并对 FBI 利用华裔美国人作为“替罪羊”来为政治主张辩护的“政治迫害”表示担忧。美国政府对 “间谍中心” 的指控提供很少支持证据。

当地社区领袖呼吁国会缓和局势，遏制言论和不负责任的行为，并提供监督以保护华裔美国人的公民权利。

三天之内，2020年8月6日，OCA，UCA，Advancing Justice | AAJC 和其他组织共同举办“了解您的权利”网络研讨会，以解决紧急问题：“如果FBI或警察对您提出质疑，该怎么办？ ” 超过 850 人参加了此次网络研讨会。

References and Links

2020/07/26 Intercept: Was The Chinese Consulate in Houston Really a Hotbed of Economic Espionage?

2020/07/23 Department of Justice: Researchers Charged with Visa Fraud After Lying About Their Work for China’s People’s Liberation Army

2020/07/22 NPR: U.S. Orders China's Houston Consulate To Close, Ratcheting Tensions

2019/08/21 Department of Justice: University of Kansas Researcher Indicted for Fraud for Failing to Disclose Conflict of Interest with Chinese University

2019/06/13 Bloomberg Business: The U.S. Is Purging Chinese Cancer Researchers From Top Institutions.

2019/04/19 Science:  Exclusive: Major U.S. cancer center ousts ‘Asian' researchers after NIH flags their foreign ties.

Launch of Anti-Racial Profiling Project

While short-term actions such as in Houston were necessary, readily available resources were also being developed.  On October 7, 2020, Advancing Justice | AAJC launched the Anti-Racial Profiling Project after several months of preparation.

The goal of the project is to be a resource, advocate for non-discriminatory policies, provide legal expertise, and to lift up the voices of those impacted by the U.S. government’s increased efforts to target and profile Asian American and Asian immigrant scientists and researchers, particularly of Chinese descent.

The concept was advanced by Frank Wu, now President of Queen’s College of the City University of New York, by an essay on “Why You Need A Lawyer.”  Initial seed funding was provided by Clarence Kwan, former Chair of Committee of 100, and others.  Gisela Perez Kusakawa served as the inaugural director of the project.

Individuals seeking legal referral should contact AAJC via the Signal app with the number 202-935-6014 or text ONLY a name and phone number to 202-935-6014 and wait for an AAJC staff member to make direct contact.

The project was expanded into the Anti-Profiling, Civil Rights & National Security Program in 2022 with the purpose of combating profiling and protecting the rights of Asian Americans and immigrants through policy advocacy, legal referrals, coalition building, and education for policymakers, the media and the general public.

Joanna YangQing Derman is the current director of the program.

References and Links

2020/10/07 AsAmNews: AAJC launches Anti-Racial Profiling Project 

2020/10/07 Advancing Justice | AAJC: Launch of Anti-Racial Profiling Project Webinar (video 1:00:49)

2020/10/07 Advancing Justice | AAJC: Anti-Racial Profiling Project Description

2020/10/07 Advancing Justice | AAJC: Anti-Racial Profiling Project Webinar Presentation Package

2020/10/07 APA Justice: Anti-Racial Profiling Project Webinar by Dr. Jeremy Wu

2020/10/06 Advancing Justice | AAJC: Anti-Racial Profiling Project Press Briefing (video 52:28)

2020/04/17 Frank Wu: Why You Need A Lawyer

2020/04/17 Frank Wu: Why You Need A Lawyer

2020/04/17 吴华扬: 您为什么需要律师

Know Your Rights by ACLU: What do you do if the FBI or police contact you for questioning?

知道您的权利（ACLU）：如果FBI或警察联系您进行询问，您应怎么做？

The Role of The Media and Telling Our Side of The Story

Asian Americans must share their experiences and tell their side of the story about racial profiling to the media and the public as the government possesses significantly greater resources and access to disseminate its information. 

By voicing their perspectives, Asian Americans can ensure that their stories are heard and understood, contributing to a more comprehensive and accurate narrative regarding racial profiling and its impacts on the individuals and communities. This proactive engagement can help counteract misconceptions and biases, promote empathy and understanding, and advocate for policies and practices that address racial injustice effectively.

Several media reports have significant impacts at different stages of the China Initiative:

• In August 2018, prior to the launch of the China Initiative, the Houston Chronicle reported an unusual FBI meeting with top leaders from academic and medical institutions in Houston to address security threats posed by foreign adversaries, signaling the launch of a new nationwide initiative. Houston, being a hub of academic and research institutions, was chosen as the starting location for this initiative.

• In April 2019, Science and the Houston Chronicle collaborated to produce a series of on-site reports revealing the targeting of Chinese American researchers at the MD Anderson Cancer Center by the FBI and NIH, subjecting the researchers to undisclosed investigations, searches of email accounts unknown to the individuals, and video surveillance.  “MD Anderson officials maintain they had little choice but to act after they received letters from NIH detailing allegations and concerns about the researchers.”  In essence, MD Anderson threw its faculty under the bus. The reports further deepened the concerns of racial profiling. 

• In June 2019, Bloomberg Business published an investigative report titled “The U.S. is purging Chinese scientists in a new Red Scare,” identifying the NIH and FBI for targeting ethnic Chinese scientists, including U.S. citizens, searching for a cancer cure.  It provided the first account of what happened to Dr. Xifeng Wu 吴息凤.

• In June 2021, University of Tennessee Knoxville Professor Anming Hu became the first academic to go to trial under the China Initiative.  Knox News covered the trial end to end, providing a series of shocking, insightful reports as the trial progressed.  Thanks to Knox News reporting, especially by reporter Jamie Sattefield, by the time Professor Hu was acquitted of all charges on September 9, 2021, his case would become a symbol of a failed, overreaching China Initiative. 

• In December 2021, MIT Technology Review published not one but two investigative reports.  Less than three months later, the Department of Justice announced the end of the China Initiative.

Following a proposal by Paula Madison, businesswoman and retired executive from NBCUniversal, in April 2023, APA Justice hosted a virtual Inaugural roundtable to assertively address immediate xenophobic challenges to our freedoms and consider longer-term proactive actions to ensure fairness and justice for all, including the AAPI and immigrant communities.  Over 100 community representatives attended and spoke at the online event. 

Efforts to build a national media network to strengthen the presence and voice of Asian Pacific American communities is an ongoing effort.

References and Links

2023/04/03 APA Justice: Paula Madison Speaks at APA Justice Monthly Meeting

2021/12/02 MIT Technology Review: The US crackdown on Chinese economic espionage is a mess. We have the data to show it

2021/12/02 MIT Technology Review:  We built a database to understand the China Initiative. Then the government changed its records

2021/09/09 Knox News: Former Tennessee professor acquitted of fraud charges in espionage investigation

2021/08/02 Knox News: Former University of Tennessee professor falsely accused of espionage faces second trial

2021/07/29 Knox News: How the FBI manipulated the University of Tennessee to find a Chinese spy who didn't exist

2021/06/16 Knox News: Trump Administration's first 'China Initiative' prosecution sputters as jurors deadlock

2021/06/14 Knox News: With spy case a bust, feds seek fraud conviction against University of Tennessee professor

2021/06/13 Knox News: Trial reveals federal agents falsely accused a UT professor born in China of spying

2021/06/09 Knox News: University of Tennessee assured NASA that professor had no prohibited ties to China

2021/06/07 Knox News: Trial of former UT professor centers on whether he concealed ties to Chinese university

2019/06/13 Bloomberg Business: The U.S. Is Purging Chinese Cancer Researchers From Top Institutions

2019/04/23 Science: After ousters, MD Anderson officials try to calm fears of racial profiling

2019/04/19 Science: Exclusive: Major U.S. cancer center ousts ‘Asian' researchers after NIH flags their foreign ties

2018/08/09 Houston Chronicle: FBI warns Texas academic and medical leaders of ‘classified’ security threats

Building and Sustaining Allies

The Asian Pacific American community needs allies to fight racial profiling because collective action and solidarity amplify their voices and increase their effectiveness in advocating for change.  Allies from within our subpopulations, professional disciplines, and other racial and ethnic groups, as well as advocacy organizations and community leaders, can provide support, raise awareness, and challenge systemic injustices. Additionally, allies can help bridge gaps in understanding and empathy, highlight the intersections of racial profiling with other forms of discrimination, and advocate for policies that promote equity and justice for all.

“Recent immigrants,” meaning primarily those who came from China within the last 30-40 years, now compose more than half of the Chinese American population, outnumbering the native-borns and the “old immigrants” who came from Hong Kong, Taiwan, and other parts of the world after the enactment of the 1965 Immigration and Naturalization Act. 

As the main victims of the China Initiative, “recent immigrants” have also become new advocates and leaders opposing racial profiling and the China Initiative.  United Chinese Americans (UCA) and the Asian American Scholars Forum (AASF) are two of these organized efforts.  

The scientific and academic community is among the strongest allies during and after the China Initiative, engaging in every phase of advocacy, protest, and policymaking.  

References and Links

2023/01/12 Migration Policy Institute: Chinese Immigrants in the United States

2022/06 AAPI Data: State of Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders in The United States

2022/02/23 Asian American Scholars Forum:  Asian American Scholar Forum Welcomes the End of China Initiative

2022/01/11 United Chinese Americans: Press Conference for the Victims of the DOJ's China Initiative (online) and A Silent Protest in DC

2021/11/05 Science: China Initiative spawns distrust and activism

2021/10/29 University World News: Racial profiling of Chinese scientists is spreading fear

2021/09/08 Winds of Freedom: Stanford Faculty Members Open Letter to AG Garland to End the "China Initiative"

2021/09/01 American Physical Society: Letter to AG Garland and OSTP Director Eric Lander

Technology and Yellow Whistle During Pandemic and Beyond

A year after the launch of the China Initiative, the COVID pandemic hit the Asian American community with two viruses simultaneously - the pathological coronavirus and the social injustice virus.  Anti-Asian hate incidents and crimes spiked across the nation when increasing awareness about the prevalence and impact of discrimination was crucial.

In times when physical gatherings are limited or not feasible, webinars, virtual events, and social media became powerful tools to maintain communications, share personal experiences, organize educational events, and amplify marginalized voices.

These platforms enable organizations to host meetings, workshops, and conferences remotely, allowing participants from diverse geographical locations to come together, share ideas, and collaborate effectively.  They provide a platform for marginalized voices to be heard, especially in short notice situations.

On Patriots Day, April 19, 2021, The Yellow Whistle Project was started by Dr. Agnes Hsu-Tang and her husband Oscar Tang, Li-En Chong, and others in response to the anti-Asian hate and violence. 

The color yellow was chosen to signal the advent of spring, bringing hope, optimism, and enlightenment.  The whistle is a symbol of self-protection and solidarity in our common fight against historical discrimination, anti-Asian violence, and racial profiling.  It has a universal purpose - to signal alarm and call for help - for all Americans.  The Yellow Whistle carries a simple and yet powerful message: “We Belong.”

Over 800,000 Yellow Whistles have been distributed across the country to date.  It continues as a symbol of hope, strength, and resilience for all Americans.

References and Links

The Yellow Whistle website:  https://www.theyellowwhistle.org/ 

2021/09/05 Axios: How the yellow whistle became a symbol against anti-Asian hate

Keeping Up with History and Education for the Next Generations

“Those Who Do Not Learn History Are Doomed To Repeat It.”

Effectively incorporating the lessons from the China Initiative into education for future generations demands a multifaceted strategy that encompasses various key elements, including:

• Preservation of Facts and Information

• Development of a Comprehensive Curriculum

• Application of Interactive Learning Methods

• Promotion of Dialogue and Reflection

• Engagement with Communities

• Commitment to Continued Learning and Adaptation

References and Links

2023/03/23 1990 Institute: Exclusion: The Shared Asian American Experience

2022/06/13 Representative Grace Meng: Meng Legislation Seeking to Establish First National Asian Pacific American Museum Signed into Law by President Biden